Feeling a lump in the neck can raise concerns and even make you think about the possibility of a cancerous tumor. However, there are several other origins for lumps in this region.
Although these bumps are often benign and temporary, it is important to evaluate several aspects to ensure health and well-being.
In this article, we will cover some of the reasons that can lead to the appearance of a painful lump in the neck:
1. Swollen or Inflamed Lymph Node
When you’re not feeling well, like when you’re about to get sick, you may notice some swelling on the sides of your neck. These lumps are likely to be soft in texture and tender to the touch and may cause mild discomfort.
They are actually swollen lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small defense glands located in different parts of the body, including the neck. They can become inflamed in response to infections such as colds, flu or dental problems, resulting in painful lumps in the neck.
Generally, most swollen lymph nodes are not a cause for concern and tend to shrink as the infection is treated. Health professionals are often concerned about enlarged lymph nodes when there is no apparent reason. If you notice a considerable amount of swelling, but you are not feeling unwell and have not had a recent cold, flu or other infection, it is recommended that you see a doctor.
2. Throat Infections
Bacterial or viral infections in the throat, such as tonsillitis or pharyngitis, can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
Tonsillitis, also known as inflammation of the tonsils, is a common condition. For most patients, tonsillitis is self-limiting. Given that viral causes are frequent, the primary treatment of acute tonsillitis involves supportive measures such as analgesics and hydration. Hospitalization of patients is rare. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can provide relief from symptoms. In some cases, corticosteroids may be considered as an add-on therapy to reduce pain and speed recovery.
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes at the back of the throat, known as the oropharynx. The vast majority of cases of pharyngitis are triggered by viruses, such as the common cold virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The main focus of treatment is usually on relieving the symptoms and allowing the body to fight the infection naturally.
In rare cases, strep throat can be caused by bacterial infections, such as strep throat. In these cases, therapy may involve the use of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria responsible for the infection. Antibiotics should be reserved for patients who test positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, particularly in children, based on culture or rapid antigen test results.
3. Ingrown hairs and cysts
Painful lumps on the neck can arise due to sebaceous cysts or ingrown hairs, causing discomfort and tenderness.
Epidermoid cyst, also called sebaceous cyst, is an encapsulated, benign nodule that develops beneath the skin, containing keratinous material. These cysts occur when a sebaceous gland becomes clogged, leading to the accumulation of sebum under the skin. The sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum) to keep the skin and hair hydrated. When the opening to the gland is blocked, a cyst can form. In the neck, these cysts can cause a feeling of pressure or pain. If a cyst is causing pain or inflammation, a doctor can drain it to relieve symptoms.
On the other hand, ingrown hairs occur when a hair grows into the skin instead of coming out through the surface. This can result in red, painful lumps known as follicular cysts or abscesses. Ingrown hairs can appear after waxing, shaving or hair cutting procedures.
4. Muscle Inflammation
Muscle inflammation occurs when there is inflammation in muscle tissues, whether from injury, strain, overexertion, or specific medical conditions. In the case of the neck muscles, this inflammation can lead to the appearance of painful lumps or bumps. Usually, these nodules are tender to the touch and can be felt under the skin.
Some medical conditions, such as fibromyalgia and myositis (muscle inflammation), can lead to chronic inflammation of the muscles, resulting in lumps or lumps in the neck. Maintaining poor posture for long periods can also cause muscle tension in the neck, which can trigger inflammation and the formation of nodules.
5. Severe Bacterial or Viral Infections
Some more serious bacterial or viral infections, such as infectious mononucleosis or opportunistic infections in people with weakened immune systems, can cause swollen and painful lymph nodes in the neck.
Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical condition marked by sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fatigue and fever, often seen in adolescents and young adults, lasting for several weeks. It can be caused by several infectious agents, with the Epstein-Barr virus being the main culprit.
Transmission occurs mainly through intimate contact through saliva, hence the term “kissing disease”. However, it can also be transmitted through contaminated objects, such as utensils or drinking glasses.
There is no specific treatment for mononucleosis. Generally, the focus is on relieving symptoms. In certain cases, when there are complications such as a ruptured spleen, hospitalization may be necessary.
6. Autoimmune Diseases
Some autoimmune conditions can lead to swollen lymph nodes, as is the case with lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus, for example, is an autoimmune disease characterized by its involvement in various parts of the body. Several factors such as genetics, immune functioning, hormones and the environment all play a role in the system’s failure to recognize and respect its own tissues.
This can lead to the production of antibodies that attack the body’s own tissues, causing damage in a variety of ways. Treatment is aimed at preventing organ damage and achieving remission.
When to Seek Medical Care
It’s important to see a healthcare professional if you notice a painful lump on your neck that:
- It remains present for more than two weeks.
- It continues to increase in size or becomes increasingly painful.
- It is associated with other symptoms such as fever, unexplained weight loss, excessive night sweats, or difficulty swallowing.
Finding a painful lump on your neck can be uncomfortable and worrying, but in most cases, it is related to benign and temporary causes, such as infections or local irritations. However, it is essential to be vigilant for any additional symptoms or changes that may indicate a need for medical attention.
A doctor will be able to properly assess the lump, perform physical examinations and, if necessary, order additional tests to determine the cause of the problem and recommend appropriate treatment.
Source: blogdasaude.com.br
